MYRISTIC ACID

Myristic acid is a common fatty acid that is found in both plant oils and animal fats. It is also known as tetradecanoic acid. It is so named because it is a chain of 14 carbon molecules with a CH3 group at one end and a COOH group at the other.

USAGES

Myristic acid is used in the food industry as a flavoring agent and in cosmetic industry as cleansing agent. Myristic acid is found widely distributed in fats throughout the plant and animal kingdom, including common human foodstuffs, such as nutmeg.

Many Americans consume very little myristic acid because this fatty acid is found by coconut oil and dairy fats and most people don't eat coconuts on a regular basis and some people avoid dairy foods.

Myristic acid is an important fatty acid, which the body uses to stabilize many different proteins, including proteins used in the immune system.

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LAURIC ACID

Lauric acid is a natural saturated fatty acid made by plants and animals as an energy reserve. Dietary sources include animal and human milk, dairy products, nuts, seeds and their oils. Like other saturated fatty acids, such as butyric and capric acids, lauric acid possesses properties that are beneficial to your health. Lauric acid has been found to protect your heart by reducing total cholesterol and enhancing HDL cholesterol, or good cholesterol, levels.

USAGES

Lauric acid is a saturated fat. It is found in many vegetable fats, particularly in coconut and palm kernel oils. People use it as medicine.

Lauric acid is used for treating viral infections including influenza (the flu); swine flu;avian flu; the common cold; fever blisters, cold sores, and genital herpes caused byherpes simplex virus (HSV); genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); and HIV/AIDS. It is also used for preventing the transmission of HIV from mothers to children.

Other uses for lauric acid include treatment of bronchitis, gonorrhea, yeast infections,chlamydia, intestinal infections caused by a parasite called Giardia lamblia, andringworm.

In foods, lauric acid is used as a vegetable shortening.

In manufacturing, lauric acid is used to make soap and shampoo.

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PALMITIC ACID

Palmitic acid is a type of saturated fatty acid that is found in both animals and plants. As suggested by it's name, it is found in large amounts in both palm oil and palm kernel oil. This substance is also found in butter, cheese, and milk.

USAGES

A fatty acid found naturally in skin and used as the basis for many palmitiate ingredients, such as isopropyl palmitate. Palmitic acid has many functions in cosmetics, from detergent cleansing agent to emollient.

In a cleanser, it has the potential to be drying depending on what it is combined with and the cleanser's pH level.

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OLEIC ACID

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found naturally in many plant sources and animal products. It is an omega-9 fatty acid, and as such is considered one of the healthier sources of fat in the diet. Health experts often recommend using it in cooking, and a number of so-called health foods and diet products will use this compound in place of animal fats.

USAGES

Fatty acid used as a surfactant.

It is also used as a thickening agent.

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STEARIC ACID

Stearic acid is the common name for octadecanoic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula of C18H36O2. A fatty acid is an organic compound made up of a long, unbranched carbon backbone that ends with a carboxyl group, or -COOH. A carboxyl group is made up of one carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom by a double bond, and a hydroxide group made up of an oxygen and hydrogen atom bonded together.

USAGES

Stearic acid is most commonly used in the manufacture of soap, detergent, shampoo, shaving cream and other cosmetic products. In this situation it is mostly used to form a stable base, which helps to bind and thicken the products. It also has a high melting temperature, which means it won't run when left on the body for extended periods of time.

It is also used to create lithium stearate, which is an important ingredient of grease. Other stearate salts are used to soften PVC and are also used as release agents. It is also used in the textile industry in the process of strengthen the yarn.

Stearic acid is also used as a lubricant in injection molding and during the ceramic forming process.

Stearic acid is also commonly used, together with sugar of corn syrup, as a hardener in candle-making. This not only strengthens the wax, but also increases the melting point of the candle to help it last longer.

It is also used in fireworks to coat the metal powders to prevent oxidation while the fireworks are in storage. This effectively increases the shelf life of the fireworks.

It is also used in many food products because it remains stable at high temperatures. It is commonly used in margarine and other spreads.

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CAPRYLIC ACID

Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon saturated fatty acid known by the systematic name octanoic acid. It is found naturally in the milk of various mammals, and it is a minor constituent of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. It is an oily liquid that is minimally soluble in water with a slightly unpleasant rancid-like smell and taste.

USAGES

Caprylic Acid is usefulness in treating bacterial infections such as candida & also used as an antimicrobial pesticide for food sanitizer in commercial establishments such as food processing equipment, breweries, and wineries. Other uses are found in greenhouses, nurseries, and garden centers as an bactericide, algaecide, and fungicide. According to Health Line, there is some evidence that caprylic acid is useful in treating epilepsy, which is a response to diets that are low in carbohydrates and rich in fat.

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PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is made from refining crude palm oil. It is used for many industries such as soap industries, animal food industries and also is used as raw materials for bio-diesel and chemical industries. When extracted, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) produces Vitamin E which has large purposes in many fields, especially health. Chromatographic separation process of vitamin E adsorption gives a better control.

USAGES

A mixture of fatty acids derived from palm oil. Used as a cleansing agent, emulsifier, or to add opacity to cosmetic products such as soaps and water-soluble cleansers. Whereas derivatives of this ingredient are typically synthetic, palm kernel acid is natural.

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RBD CRUDE PALM STEARIN

RBD Palm Stearin is solid fraction obtained by the fractionation of palm oil after crystallization at controlled temperatures. The palm kernel nut is fractured causing the palm kernel within the shell to contract away from the shell.

USAGES

The shell is separated from the kernel through a clay bath where it is recycled as fuel in the boiler room or cogeneration plant.

The palm kernel is further crushed to produce crude palm kernel oil and the remaining palm kernel meal is used as animal feed.

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GLYCERINE USP Grade

Glycerin is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colorless, thick liquid which freezes to a gummy paste and which has a high boiling point. Glycerin can be dissolved into water or alcohol, but not oils. On the other hand, many things will dissolve into glycerin easier than they do into water or alcohol. So it is a good solvent.

USAGES

Reduces or eliminates any skin disturbance, from psoriasis to bug bites or burns. Apply the pure Glycerin USP form. Feels oily, vanishes into the skin in about 10 minutes (signals cells to open transport channels). Cuts off pain and itching by quieting injured cells, not a "nerve blocker".

Doubles healing speed, cuts scarring in half.

Carries most materials mixed with it into the skin, especially water. Mixed with water, an excellent moisturizer.(Principal component of most commercial preparations.)

Pure form kills all bacteria on contact by instantly drawing the water out of them.

Eliminates halitosis by killing sulfurous bacteria on back of tongue if swished and gargled. (Tastes slightly sweet.)

De-congest nasal passages by rubbing a few drops of glycerine-water mix just inside the nostrils. Takes about 15 minutes to soften blockage and quiet agitated nasal passages, opening the airway.

A teaspoon or two orally, or commercial glycerine suppositories, are a mild laxative.

Softens and removes calluses.

Being researched as a cancer cell "quieter", to prevent cells from proliferating.

Other than the above, some long-distance runners have used it as a drink for stamina, but not everyone's stomach enjoys such a large amount all at once.

Helps thicken skin weakened by pregnazone treatments for rheumatism, Parkinson's, etc.

It is also used in foods and toothpaste as a sweetener and blending agent. Used to lubricate food handling machinery where avoiding oil contamination of product is necessary.

It is a major component of numerous expensive soaps.

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GLYCERINE Technical Grade

Glycerin is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colorless, thick liquid which freezes to a gummy paste and which has a high boiling point. Glycerin can be dissolved into water or alcohol, but not oils. On the other hand, many things will dissolve into glycerin easier than they do into water or alcohol. So it is a good solvent.

USAGES

Reduces or eliminates any skin disturbance, from psoriasis to bug bites or burns. Apply the pure Glycerin USP form. Feels oily, vanishes into the skin in about 10 minutes (signals cells to open transport channels). Cuts off pain and itching by quieting injured cells, not a "nerve blocker".

Doubles healing speed, cuts scarring in half.

Carries most materials mixed with it into the skin, especially water. Mixed with water, an excellent moisturizer.(Principal component of most commercial preparations.)

Pure form kills all bacteria on contact by instantly drawing the water out of them.

Eliminates halitosis by killing sulfurous bacteria on back of tongue if swished and gargled. (Tastes slightly sweet.)

De-congest nasal passages by rubbing a few drops of glycerine-water mix just inside the nostrils. Takes about 15 minutes to soften blockage and quiet agitated nasal passages, opening the airway.

A teaspoon or two orally, or commercial glycerine suppositories, are a mild laxative.

Softens and removes calluses.

Being researched as a cancer cell "quieter", to prevent cells from proliferating.

Other than the above, some long-distance runners have used it as a drink for stamina, but not everyone's stomach enjoys such a large amount all at once.

Helps thicken skin weakened by pregnazone treatments for rheumatism, Parkinson's, etc.

It is also used in foods and toothpaste as a sweetener and blending agent. Used to lubricate food handling machinery where avoiding oil contamination of product is necessary.

It is a major component of numerous expensive soaps.

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SORBITOL 70%

Sorbitol, or glucitol as it is sometimes called, is a slow-metabolizing sugar alcohol derived from fruits, corn and seaweed. It's a sugar substitute found in foods such as frozen desserts, sugar-free chewing gum and diabetic candies. Sorbitol is only about 60% as sweet as sugar, however. It is also used as a thickener and moisturizer in beauty products.

USAGES

Sorbitol is one of the most familiar sugar substitutes and is a frequent addition to diet foods. Low calorie candies, ice cream, baked goods, and chewing gum are commonly made with this sweetener. Foods made with this ingredient stay fresh and moist longer than those made with most other nutritive sweeteners. A small amount added to peanut butter improves spreadability and keeps it from becoming dry and crumbly. It is also added to shredded coconut to keep the flakes moist.

Cosmetic products are often thickened with sorbitol. It may be added to chewing tobacco to improve the flavor and to cigarettes to keep the tobacco inside from breaking down and crumbling. Mouthwashes and toothpastes are made more transparent and pleasant tasting with the addition of this sugar alcohol, as are cough drops and syrups. Hair gels and shampoos also frequently contain sorbitol.

Laxatives are sometimes made with sorbitol, usually in liquid or enema form. When used in this form, the bowel is stimulated as it retains water within the colon and increases muscle movement. It is also used as an irrigation solution during urinary and prostrate surgeries to prevent infection and is administered by injection. Sorbitol can be combined with Kayexalate to eliminate excess potassium from the body when medically necessary. Most people, including the elderly, can usually use these products safely.

Though safe in small to moderate amounts, the substance does have some harmful side effects when too much is consumed. They include dry mouth, excessive thirst, dehydration, and edema. When larger amounts are ingested, it can cause abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and bloating. Less commonly, it may cause dizziness and irritability.

Those with gastrointestinal problems such as irritable bowel syndrome should not use any product containing sorbitol.

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CITRIC ACID

Citric acid is a natural, weak organic acid that is found in many fruits and vegetables, especially citrus. Because citric acid is also a byproduct of the citric acid cycle, it is also produced by many living organisms, including mold.

USAGES

Citric acid is prized for its sour flavor, preservative quality, and ability to act as a pH buffer. For these reasons, citric acid is found on the ingredient list of many food products today.

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PROPYLENE GLYCOL

Propylene glycol, also called 1,2-propanediol or propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound (a diol or double alcohol) with formula C3H8O2 or HO-CH2-CHOH-CH3. It is a colorless, nearly odorless, clear, viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste, hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, andchloroform.

USAGES

It is used for food colorings. It is used as a solvent for the food coloring. It is used as an additive to foods and also it used as a preservative to help stop the food from freezing. Some of the foods that you may eat everyday have it in it. Some of those foods are fat-free ice cream, salad dressings, sour cream and cake mixes.

For women that use cosmetics that has propylene glycol in it as well. For example it is found in your lipstick. You can even find it in shaving cream. It is great for lotions because it helps get the thru your skin to help give it the most moisture. Some of the everyday things that you use have it in it. For example you can find it in your shampoo you can also find it in your deodorant.

You can even find it in your laundry detergent and your household cleaning products. I can go on about how we use this product in our everyday life. But it has many other benefits other than as preservatives in food and in cosmetics and lotions.

It works very well as a heat transfer fluid and it is not harmful to the environment. It works great as a secondary refrigerant. The reason that it works so well is because if something were to happen and some of the fluid leaked on to the food in would not be toxic. It works as just as great of a low corrosive as ethylene glycol but propylene glycol is safer to be around food products.

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PRESERVATIVE A2+

Preservative A2+ is a very effective cosmetic preservative widely used in many applications. Judged safe and non irritating at normal use levels by the expert panel of the cosmetic ingredients review (CIR).

Preservative, has high antimicrobial activity to Gram + and Gram-bacteria, with a limited activity against yeasts and molds. More active than Imidazolidinyl Urea.

It is very soluble in water and polar solvents, non soluble in oils and apolar solvents. It is stable and active in the pH range 2-9. Prolonged heating over 50 degree Celsius should be avoided. Compatible with anionic non ionic and cationic systems and with other cosmetic ingredients.

USAGES

Hair care - Shampoos, conditioners, gels, mousse.

Body and face care - Toners, gels, lotions, creams, wipes.

Make-up - Foundations, eyeliners, mascaras, powders, wipes.

Sun products - Sunscreens, Suntans, aftersuns.

Bath products - Shower gels, bubble bath, handcleaners.

Raw Materials - Surfactants, Vegetal extracts.

Preservative A2+ is typically used at 0.1 - 0.3 % combinations with antifungals. A synergism was proved in combinations with parabens and IPBC.

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SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE (SCMC)

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum[1] is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. It is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

USAGES

CMC is used in food science as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products including ice cream. As a food additive, it has E number E466. It is also a constituent of many non-food products, such as personal lubricants, toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, and various paper products. It is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is hypoallergenic (except for those suffering an intolerance to wheat). In laundry detergents, it is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution. CMC is used as a lubricant in nonvolatile eye drops (artificial tears). Sometimes, methyl cellulose (MC) is used, but its nonpolar methyl groups (-CH3) do not add any solubility or chemical reactivity to the base cellulose.

CMC is also used in pharmaceuticals as a thickening agent, and in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.

CMC is also used in ice packs to form a eutectic mixture resulting in a lower freezing point, and therefore more cooling capacity than ice.

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SODIUM BENZONATE

Sodium benzoate has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2; it is a widely used food preservative, with E number E211. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.

USAGES

Sodium benzoate is a preservative. It is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments. It is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.

Sodium benzoate is produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. Benzoic acid is detectable at low levels in cranberries, prunes, greengage plums, cinnamon, ripe cloves, and apples. It is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.

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L-LYSINE

Lysine, or L-lysine, is an essential amino acid. That means it is necessary for human health, but the body can't manufacture it. You have to get lysine from food or supplements. Amino acids like lysine are the building blocks of protein. Lysine is important for proper growth, and it plays an essential role in the production of carnitine, a nutrient responsible for converting fatty acids into energy and helping to lower cholesterol. Lysine appears to help the body absorb calcium, and it plays an important role in the formation of collagen, a substance important for bones and connective tissues including skin, tendon, and cartilage.

USAGES

Lysine is an amino acid (building block of protein). People use it to make medicine.

Lysine is used for preventing and treating cold sores (caused by the virus calledherpes simplex labialis). It is taken by mouth or applied directly to the skin for this use.

Lysine is also taken by mouth to improve athletic performance.

L-Lysine is the first limiting amino acid for pigs and the second for poultry. The level of dietary L-Lysineconcentration significantly influences on the growth performance and feed efficiency.

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METHONOL

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formulaCH3OH (often abbreviated MeOH). Methanol acquired the name "wood alcohol" because it was once produced chiefly as a byproduct of the destructive distillation of wood. Modern methanol is produced in a catalytic industrial process directly from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

Methanol is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to, but slightly sweeter than, that of ethanol (drinking alcohol).

USAGES

The largest use of methanol by far is in making other chemicals. About 40% of methanol is converted to formaldehyde, and from there into products as diverse as plastics, plywood, paints, explosives, and permanent presstextiles. Other chemical derivatives of methanol include dimethyl ether, which has replaced chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol spray propellant, and acetic acid. Dimethyl ether (DME) also can be blended with liquified petroleum gas (LPG) for home heating and cooking, and can be used as a diesel replacement for transportation fuel. Methanol is also used as a solvent, and as an antifreeze in pipelines and windshield washer fluid.

In some wastewater treatment plants, a small amount of methanol is added to wastewater to provide a carbon food source for the denitrifying bacteria, which convert nitrates to nitrogen to reduce the nitrification of sensitive aquifers.

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MILK PROTEIN

Milk protein supplements designed to give you a tapered release of nutrients over a prolonged period of time.

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SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, has the molecular formula NaOH and is a highly caustic metallic base. It is a white solid available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as a 50% saturated solution.[citation needed] Sodium hydroxide is soluble in water, ethanol and methanol. This alkali is deliquescent and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide in air.

USAGES

Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soapsand detergents and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.Although molten sodium hydroxide possesses properties similar to those of the other forms, its high temperature comparatively limits its applications.

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POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), this colorless solid is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications. Most applications exploit its reactivity toward acids and its corrosive nature. In 2005, an estimated 700,000 to 800,000 tonnes were produced. Approximately 100 times more NaOH than KOH is produced annually. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.

USAGES

Potassium hydroxide is an extremely versatile cleaning agent. For example, potassium hydroxide is found in varied items such as liquid soaps, lotions, shampoos, hairsprays, and denture cleaners, but is also found in more industrial compounds such as oven cleaners, drain cleaners, driveway and concrete cleaners, in non-phosphate detergents, and in drain and pipe cleaners.

While it is more common to use sodium hydroxide for soap, potassium hydroxide soaps are actually more soluble in water and are better for the environment. Potassium hydroxide soaps are also referred to as 'soft soaps'. Though not quite as popular as sodium soaps, potassium soaps are produced in various liquid concentrations and are often used in combination with sodium soaps, for example, in shaving products

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SODIUM SACCHARIN

Sodium saccharin is the solid form of the artificial sweetener saccharin. Saccharin is non-nutritive and is used to add sweetness to beverages and foods without the calories or detrimental effects of consuming sugar.

USAGES

The food industry uses sodium saccharine as an additive in various products. It is used as a non-nutritive sweetener and stabilizer in a variety of food and drinks. Bakeries use sodium saccharin to sweeten baked goods, breads, cookies and muffins. Artificially sweetened diet drinks and sodas use sodium saccharin since it dissolves readily in water. Other products that contain sodium saccharin include marzipan, plain, sweetened and fruit-flavored yogurt, jams/jellies and ice cream.

Sodium saccharin is an intermediate chemical ingredient in the production of pesticides and herbicides. It is a catalytic agent in the manufacture of anaerobic adhesive--an adhesive that stiffens without the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic adhesives are called locking compounds or sealants and are used to seal and secure close-fitting parts.

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POTASSIUM SORBATE

Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula C6H7KO2. Its primary use is as a food preservative (E number 202).Potassium sorbate is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products. Commercial sources are now produced by the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.

USAGES

Potassium sorbate is used to preserve fruits. As a fungistat, potassium sorbate retards the growth of fungi, but does not kill fungi already present. Similarly, for fermented vegetables, potassium sorbate retards the growth of yeasts.

Commercially, potassium sorbate is used for the preparation of prunes, pickles, relishes, maraschino cherries, olives and figs, prepared potato and tuna salads, as well as coleslaw.

Potassium sorbate prevents the re-fermentation of off-dry wines after bottling. Re-fermentation causes corks to blow out, resulting in fizzy, yeasty wines that can taste unpleasant. While potassium sorbate does not kill the yeast already present, it does inhibit renewed yeast growth. However, at the low doses required for this process---about 0.02 to 0.04 percent---potassium sorbate does not inhibit growth of malolactic and acetic acid bacteria.

Potassium sorbate protects dairy products from yeast, mold and bacteria growth. Used at 0.2 to 0.3 percent, potassium sorbate solutions typically are dipped or sprayed onto natural cheeses and applied directly to processed cheeses. Potassium sorbate is added to the cream dressing before pasteurization when making cottage cheese in order to extend its shelf-life.

Seafoods are protected from yeast and mold with potassium sorbate. Fresh fish can be packed into ice that has incorporated potassium sorbate. Fish can also be dipped into a potassium sorbate solution prior to smoking or drying. These methods use potassium sorbate to inhibit the development of yeast and mold.

Because many bakery products need yeast for leavening, potassium sorbate added to increase shelf-life is used at one-fourth the level typically used for non-leavened products. Even at the lower levels, inhibition of undesired yeast growth, as well as mold and bacteria, is achieved. Cakes and icings, as well as pie fillings, typically use a 0.05 to 0.1 percent solution of potassium sorbate.

Potassium sorbate is particularly effective for the preservation of meat and poultry products. Dipping meats in solutions of potassium sorbate reduces bacteria and doubles the shelf-life. Potassium sorbate solutions can prevent mold growth for up to 30 days in some cured meats.

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FRUIT PULP

The pulp of a citrus fruit are the stringy content of the fruit's endocarp. The pulp contains the juice of the fruit. The pulp is usually removed from fruit juice by filtering it out.

The color of the pulp can change, depending on the species and the ripening stage. Usually, it has the color of the fruit's peel.

The juiciness of the pulp depends on the species, variety, season, and even the tree on which it grew.

USAGES

Apple, Guava, Mango, Alphanso, Totapuri, Orange, Papaya, Strawberry, Cranberry.

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GUAR GUM

Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan. It is primarily the ground endosperm of guar beans. The guar seeds are dehusked, milled and screened to obtain the guar gum. It is typically produced as a free-flowing, off-white powder.

USAGES

Textile industry - sizing, finishing and printing.

Paper industry - improved sheet formation, folding and denser surface for printing.

Explosives industry - as waterproofing agent mixed with ammonium nitrate, nitroglycerin, etc.

Pharmaceutical industry - as binder or as disintegrator in tablets; main ingredient in some bulk-forming laxatives.

Cosmetics and toiletries industries - thickener in toothpastes, conditioner in shampoos (usually in a chemically modified version).

Oil and gas drilling,Shale oil and gas extraction is largest consumer hydraulic fracturing.

Mining.

Medical institutions, especially nursing homes - used to thicken liquids and foods for patients with dysphagia.

Fire retardant industry - as a thickener in Phos-Chek.

Nanoparticles industry - to produce silver or gold nanoparticles, or develop innovative medicine delivery mechanisms for drugs in pharmaceutical industry.

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VITAMIN A PALMITATE

Retinylpalmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid.

Retinylpalmitate is a synthetic alternate for retinyl acetate in vitamin A supplements, and is available in oily or dry forms. It is a common vitamin supplement, available in both oral and injectable forms for treatment of vitamin A deficiency, under the brand names Aquasol A, Palmitate A and many others. It is a pre-formed version of vitamin A; therefore, the intake should not exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Overdosing preformed Vitamin A forms such as retinylpalmitate leads to adverse physiological reactions (hypervitaminosis A).

USAGES

Retinylpalmitate is used as an antioxidant and a source of vitamin A added to low fat milk and other dairy products to replace the vitamin content lost through the removal of milk fat. Palmitate is attached to the alcohol form of vitamin A, retinol, in order to make vitamin A stable in milk.

Retinylpalmitate is also a constituent of some topically applied skin care products. After its absorption into the skin, retinylpalmitate is converted to retinol, and ultimately to retinoic acid (the active form of vitamin A present in Retin-A).

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VITAMIN E ACETATE

Tocopheryl acetate, also known as vitamin E acetate, is a common vitamin supplement. It is the ester of acetic acid and tocopherol (vitamin E). It is often used in dermatologicalproducts such as skin creams. Tocopheryl acetate is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol and provides beneficial antioxidant effects.

USAGES

Tocopheryl acetate is used as an alternative to tocopherol itself because the phenolichydroxyl group is blocked, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life. It is believed that the acetate is slowly hydrolyzed once it is absorbed into the skin, regenerating tocopherol and providing protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays.

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BITUMEN

Bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product; it is a substance classed as a pitch.

USAGES

The primary use of asphalt/bitumen is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.

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BITUMEN

Bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product; it is a substance classed as a pitch.

USAGES

The primary use of asphalt/bitumen is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.

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FUEL OIL

Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleumdistillation, either as a distillate or a residue. Broadly speaking fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash point of approximately 40 �C (104 �F) and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners. In this sense, diesel is a type of fuel oil. Fuel oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil i.e. heavier than gasoline and naphtha.

The ASTM classification system was originally based on early refining and combustion engineering practices and nomenclature. Some specifications have changed over the years to reflect new refining practices and refinery by-products.

USAGES

Oil has many uses; it heats homes and businesses and fuels trucks, ships and some cars. A small amount of electricity is produced by diesel, but it is more polluting and more expensive than natural gas. It is often used as a backup fuel for peaking power plants in case the supply of natural gas is interrupted or as the main fuel for small electrical generators.

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BIO DIESEL

Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, animal fat (tallow[1][2])) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters.

USAGES

Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with petrodiesel. Biodiesel can also be used as a low carbon alternative to heating oil.

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LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE (LAB)

LABs are mainly produced as intermediate in the production of surfactants, for use in detergent. Since the 1960s, LABs have emerged as the dominant precursor of biodegradable detergents. Given the large scale applications of LAB-derived detergents, a variety routes have been developed to produce linear alkylbenzenes.

Linear alkylbenzene is sulfonated to produce linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), a biodegradable surfactant. LAS replaced branched dodecylbenzenesulfonates, which were phased out because they biodegrade more slowly.

USAGES

LAB is currently used as a liquid scintillator in neutrino detectors (SNO+ for example) due to of its good optical transparency (~20 m), its high light yield, its low amount of radioactive impurities, and its high flash point (140 �C) which makes safe handling easier. The material performs well in deep underwater environments.

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NORMAL PARAFFIN

Paraffins can be arranged either in straight chains ( normalparaffins, such as butane; see figure) or branched chains (isoparaffins). Most of the paraffin compounds in naturally occurring crude oils are normal paraffins, while isoparaffins are frequently produced in refinery processes.

USAGES

Normal Paraffin is the major raw material for the manufacture of LAB . Normal Paraffin is extracted from kerosene which contains an average of 20/25% paraffin and therefore is generally produced close to a refinery as the kerosene , free of the paraffin removed has to be returned to the refinery . Over 80% of Normal Paraffin is used for production of LAB the remaining N-Paraffin may be further processed to obtain special solvents used for various industrial applications including synthetic resins , paints and varnishes , degreasing agents and printing inks . Normal paraffin operate as a dissolver in industrial for producing polymers and resins ,colors , artistic coverings and grease polisher.

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HEXANE

Hexane is an organic compound made of the elements carbon and hydrogen primarily produced through the refining of petroleum. It has many uses, including that of a vegetable solvent, cleaning agent, and thermometer liquid. Its toxicity is considered to be relatively low, though the effects of extremely high exposure can include irritation, dizziness, headache, and slight nausea.

USAGES

This compound has many uses, but is best known for its role as a solvent. Many types of plants and vegetables are treated with it in order to extract their oils and proteins for use in other products. Produce treated include soybeans, peanuts, and corn. Hexane is also used as a cleaning solvent and as an industrial degreaser.

It is due to its role in oil and protein extraction that hexane has been linked to controversy. A variety of products use oils and proteins extracted with it, including include baby formula, alternative vegetarian foods, and protein shakes. Some of these products even claim to be natural or healthy. Health groups had samples tested of the industrial products extracted using this chemical, and determined that some residue remained at the parts-per-million (ppm) level. Some groups consider this to be a safe level, but others have concerns.

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ISOPROPYL ALCHOHOL

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless, combustible liquid with a wide variety of uses. It has a wide range of uses in the home and is used in laboratories, in medicine, and in many manufacturing industries. Two of its most popular uses are as a solvent and a cleaning fluid. This alcohol does have some toxic properties, however, so people should be careful when they use it.

USAGES

Medical Uses - In medicine, isopropyl alcohol is often used in disinfecting pads, which are usually cotton or gauze moistened with a solution of 60% to 70% alcohol diluted in water. These pads are used by medical professionals for tasks such as sanitizing small instruments, wiping down surfaces, and cleaning a patient's skin before an injection. Many home medicine cabinets contain a small bottle of rubbing alcohol that's used as an antiseptic for cuts and scrapes. This alcohol was once the popular choice for medicinal rubdowns, which is why it came to be known as rubbing alcohol. When applied to the skin, the water in the liquid quickly evaporates, cooling the skin and rapidly reducing body temperature. It was once regularly used for reducing fever in children, but the rapid temperature decrease is no longer considered beneficial, so health care professionals no longer recommend it for this purpose.

Cleaning Uses - Since isopropyl alcohol is a solvent, it has many uses as a home cleaning agent. It is often used to clean dirt from hard-to-reach areas, such as between keys on keyboards and on mouse wheels. Since it evaporates almost immediately, there is little risk of shock or damage to electrical components, and it can even be used to clean the lasers in CD and DVD drives. The alcohol also removes stubborn glue residue and dried ink, and it can remove stains from most natural fibers, including cotton, silk, and wood.

Automotive - Isopropyl alcohol is a common component of fuel additives intended to prevent the accumulation of water in fuel lines, and to prevent any water in the fuel from separating and turning to ice. For the same reason, it can be sprayed onto windshields to melt any icy buildup, and it can also be used to clean the glass. Diluted in water, it's often used to remove wax or polish residue.

Laboratory Uses - One of the most common uses of isopropyl in the laboratory is as a disinfectant to clean equipment and work surfaces. When used properly, it kills a significant number of bacteria and other potential contaminants, which is why it's also used as a hand sanitizer in labs and hospitals. Isopropyl alcohol can be used as a preserving agent for biological specimens. It's often used as a way to dilute test samples, and can be used as a reaction medium for a number of chemical reactions. It can also be used in place of ethanol, another type of alcohol, to extractDNA from a cell. In the laboratory, this type of alcohol may be labeled isopropanol, isopropyl, isopro, iso, or with the acronym IPA, for isopropanol alcohol. It is also sometimes called 2-propanol, in reference to being an isomer of an inorganic compound called propanol. An isomer is a molecule that has the same chemical formula as another molecule, but a different physical arrangement of atoms. This means that the molecules are different shapes and have different chemical properties.

Industrial - Isopropyl has a wide range of industrial uses. It is widely used in printing industries as a solvent and for cleaning delicate equipment. The manufacture of most computer components involves the use of isopropyl as a solvent, and it is used in the manufacture of paint, as well as being used as a paint stripper. Even in industries that don't use this alcohol in manufacturing, it is often used to clean and degrease machinery.

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ACETONE

Acetone (systematically named propanone) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. It is a colorless, mobile, flammable liquid, and is the simplest ketone.

Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important solvent in its own right, typically for cleaning purposes in the laboratory. About 6.7 milliontonnes were produced worldwide in 2010, mainly for use as a solvent and production of methyl methacrylate and bisphenol A. It is a common building block in organic chemistry. Familiar household uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner.

Acetone is produced and disposed of in the human body through normal metabolic processes. It is normally present in blood and urine. People withdiabetes produce it in larger amounts. Reproductive toxicity tests show that it has low potential to cause reproductive problems. Due to the higher energy requirements in pregnant women, nursing mothers and children, they have higher levels of acetone. Ketogenic diets that increase acetone in the body are used to reduce epileptic attacks in infants and children who suffer from recalcitrant refractory epilepsy.

USAGES

About a third of the world's acetone is used as a solvent, and a quarter is consumed as acetone cyanohydrin a precursor to methyl methacrylate.

Solvent - Acetone is a good solvent for many plastics and some synthetic fibers. It is used for thinning polyester resin, cleaning tools used with it, and dissolving two-part epoxies and superglue before they harden. It is used as one of the volatile components of some paints and varnishes. As a heavy-duty degreaser, it is useful in the preparation of metal prior to painting. It is also useful for high reliability soldering applications to remove rosin flux after soldering is complete; this helps to prevent the Rusty bolt effect. Acetone is used as a solvent by the pharmaceutical industry and as a denaturant in denatured alcohol. Acetone is also present as an excipient in some pharmaceutical drugs. Although itself flammable, acetone is used extensively as a solvent for the safe transporting and storing of acetylene, which cannot be safely pressurized as a pure compound. Vessels containing a porous material are first filled with acetone followed by acetylene, which dissolves into the acetone. One liter of acetone can dissolve around 250 liters of acetylene.

Chemical intermediate - Acetone is used to synthesize methyl methacrylate. It begins with the initial conversion of acetone to acetone cyanohydrin: (CH3)2CO + HCN ? (CH3)2C(OH)CN In a subsequent step, the nitrile is hydrolyzed to the unsaturated amide, which is esterified: (CH3)2C(OH)CN + CH3OH ? CH2=(CH3)CCO2CH3 + NH3 The third major use of acetone (about 20%) is synthesizing bisphenol A. Bisphenol A is a component of many polymers such as polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and epoxy resins. The synthesis involves the condensation of acetone with phenol: (CH3)2CO + 2 C6H5OH ? (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 + H2O Many millions of kilograms of acetone are consumed in the production of the solvents methyl isobutyl alcohol and methyl isobutyl ketone. These products arise via an initial aldol condensation to give diacetone alcohol. 2 (CH3)2CO ? (CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3

Laboratory - In the laboratory, acetone is used as a polar, aprotic solvent in a variety of organic reactions, such as SN2 reactions. The use of acetone solvent is critical for the Jones oxidation. It does not form an azeotrope with water (see azeotrope (data)). It is a common solvent for rinsing laboratory glassware because of its low cost and volatility. Despite its common use as a supposed drying agent, it is not effective except by bulk displacement and dilution. Acetone can be cooled with dry ice to -78 C without freezing; acetone/dry ice baths are commonly used to conduct reactions at low temperatures. Acetone is fluorescent under ultraviolet light, and its vapor may be used as a fluorescent tracer in fluid flow experiments.

Medical and cosmetic uses - Acetone is used in a variety of general medical and cosmetic applications and is also listed as a component in food additives and food packaging. Dermatologists use acetone with alcohol for acne treatments to peel dry skin. Acetone is commonly used in chemical peeling. Common agents used today for chemical peels are salicylic acid, glycolic acid, 30% salicylic acid in ethanol, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Prior to chemexfoliation, the skin is cleaned and excess fat removed in a process called defatting. Acetone, Septisol, or a combination of these agents is commonly used in this process.

Domestic and other niche uses - Acetone is often the primary component in cleaning agents such as nail polish remover. Acetone is a component of superglue remover and easily removes residues from glass and porcelain. Make-up artists use acetone to remove skin adhesive from the netting of wigs and moustaches by immersing the item in an acetone bath, then removing the softened glue residue with a stiff brush. This chemical is also used as an artistic agent; when rubbed on the back of a laser print or photocopy placed face-down on another surface and burnished firmly, the toner of the image transfers to the destination surface. Acetone can also be used in combination with automatic transmission fluid to create an effective penetrating oil. Brake fluid is sometimes used in place of ATF. These mixtures (usually 1:1) can be useful in loosening rusted or stuck bolts.

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ETHYL ACETATE

Ethyl acetate (systematically, ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3. This colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes. Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan, North America, and Europe was about 400,000 tons.In 2004, an estimated 1.3M tons were produced worldwide.

USAGES

Ethyl acetate is used primarily as a solvent and diluent, being favored because of its low cost, low toxicity, and agreeable odor. For example, it is commonly used to clean circuit boards and in some nail varnish removers (acetone and acetonitrile are also used). Coffee beans and tea leaves are decaffeinated with this solvent. It is also used in paints as an activator or hardener.[citation needed] Ethyl acetate is present in confectionery, perfumes, and fruits. In perfumes, it evaporates quickly, leaving only the scent of the perfume on the skin.

Laboratory uses - In the laboratory, mixtures containing ethyl acetate are commonly used in column chromatography and extractions. Ethyl acetate is rarely selected as a reaction solvent because it is prone to hydrolysis and transesterification. Ethyl acetate is very volatile and has a boiling point of 77 C. Due to these properties, it can be removed from a sample by heating in a hot water bath and providing ventilation with compressed air.

Occurrence in wines - Ethyl acetate is the most common ester in wine, being the product of the most common volatile organic acid - acetic acid, and the ethyl alcohol generated during the fermentation. The aroma of ethyl acetate is most vivid in younger wines and contributes towards the general perception of "fruitiness" in the wine. Sensitivity varies, with most people having a perception threshold around 120 mg/L. Excessive amounts of ethyl acetate are considered a wine fault. Exposure to oxygen can exacerbate the fault due to the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, which leaves the wine with a sharp vinegar-like taste.

Entomological killing agent - In the field of entomology, ethyl acetate is an effective asphyxiant for use in insect collecting and study. In a killing jar charged with ethyl acetate, the vapors will kill the collected (usually adult) insect quickly without destroying it. Because it is not hygroscopic, ethyl acetate also keeps the insect soft enough to allow proper mounting suitable for a collection.

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ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE

Isopropyl myristate is a synthetic oil widely used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as a lubricant, emollient, and as a non-toxic alternative for controlling head lice. The oil is manufactured by condensing myristic acid with isopropyl alcohol and is colorless and mild in odor. It is readily absorbed by the skin and lessens the greasy nature of cosmetics while lending them a sheer, slick feel. In addition, it is commonly used as an additive in oral hygiene products, such as mouthwash.

USAGES

Isopropyl myristate is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired. It is also used as a pesticide-free treatment against head lice which works by dissolving the wax that covers the exoskeleton of head lice, killing them by dehydration.

It is used as a fixative in perfumes to slow down the evaporation of the perfume elements, giving a longer lasting perfume.

It is the non-aqueous component of the two-phase mouthwash, Dentyl pH, where it removes bacteria from the oral cavity.

It is also used in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.

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SOAP NOODLES 80:20

Soap noodles are the sodium salt of fatty acids from oils or fats of both animal and vegetable origin. It is used in the production of toilet soap.

A typical blend would be the 80/20 standard comprising of 80% palm oil and 20% palm kernel oil or coconut oil. While there are other blends available in the market such as 70:30, 60:40 and 90:10, the ICIS soap noodle report assessment is based on the 80:20 blend which is recognized by the industry as the optimal grade due to its right balance of lather, rate of wear, cleaning ability and hardness.

The assessment takes into account 80/20 soap noodle produced from the following process: saponification of oil, neutralisation of fatty acids and saponification of fatty methyl esters with a total fatty matter (TFM) content of 78%.

USAGES

In southeast Asia, soap noodles are mainly made from palm oil blended with either coconut oil or palm kernel oil. ICIS assess soap noodles from both feedstocks.

In China, soap noodles are made from animal fats (tallow), palm oil or a blend of both. However, the ICIS soap noodle assessment takes into account only palm oil based soap noodles.

In India, we make soap noodles from palm fatty acid distillate and palm stearin.

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TRANSPARENT SOAP NOODLES

Transparent Soap Noodles are used for making Transparent Soaps. Soap noodles are the sodium salt of fatty acids from oils or fats of both animal and vegetable origin. It is used in the production of toilet soap.

A typical blend would be the 80/20 standard comprising of 80% palm oil and 20% palm kernel oil or coconut oil. While there are other blends available in the market such as 70:30, 60:40 and 90:10, the ICIS soap noodle report assessment is based on the 80:20 blend which is recognized by the industry as the optimal grade due to its right balance of lather, rate of wear, cleaning ability and hardness.

The assessment takes into account 80/20 soap noodle produced from the following process: saponification of oil, neutralisation of fatty acids and saponification of fatty methyl esters with a total fatty matter (TFM) content of 78%.

USAGES

In southeast Asia, soap noodles are mainly made from palm oil blended with either coconut oil or palm kernel oil. ICIS assess soap noodles from both feedstocks.

In China, soap noodles are made from animal fats (tallow), palm oil or a blend of both. However, the ICIS soap noodle assessment takes into account only palm oil based soap noodles.

In India, we make soap noodles from palm fatty acid distillate and palm stearin.

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TRANSLUCENT SOAP NOODLES

Translucent Soap Noodles are used for making Translucent Soaps. Soap noodles are the sodium salt of fatty acids from oils or fats of both animal and vegetable origin. It is used in the production of toilet soap.

A typical blend would be the 80/20 standard comprising of 80% palm oil and 20% palm kernel oil or coconut oil. While there are other blends available in the market such as 70:30, 60:40 and 90:10, the ICIS soap noodle report assessment is based on the 80:20 blend which is recognized by the industry as the optimal grade due to its right balance of lather, rate of wear, cleaning ability and hardness.

The assessment takes into account 80/20 soap noodle produced from the following process: saponification of oil, neutralisation of fatty acids and saponification of fatty methyl esters with a total fatty matter (TFM) content of 78%.

USAGES

In southeast Asia, soap noodles are mainly made from palm oil blended with either coconut oil or palm kernel oil. ICIS assess soap noodles from both feedstocks.

In China, soap noodles are made from animal fats (tallow), palm oil or a blend of both. However, the ICIS soap noodle assessment takes into account only palm oil based soap noodles.

In India, we make soap noodles from palm fatty acid distillate and palm stearin.

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NEEM SOAP NOODLES

A typical blend would be the 80/20 standard comprising of 80% palm oil and 20% palm kernel oil or coconut oil. While there are other blends available in the market such as 70:30, 60:40 and 90:10, the ICIS soap noodle report assessment is based on the 80:20 blend which is recognized by the industry as the optimal grade due to its right balance of lather, rate of wear, cleaning ability and hardness.

USAGES

NEEM Soap Noodles are used for making NEEM Soaps. It contains certain percentage of Neem Oil. Neem Soap noodles are the sodium salt of fatty acids from oils or fats of both animal and vegetable origin. It is used in the production of toilet soap.

In India, we make soap noodles from palm fatty acid distillate and palm stearin.

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TRI ETHANOL AMINE (TEA)

Triethanolamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is a viscousorganic compound that is both a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcoholgroups. Like other amines, triethanolamine is a weak base. Triethanolamine can also be abbreviated as TEOA, which can help to distinguish it from triethylamine. Approximately 150000 metric tons were produced in 1999. It is a colourless compound although samples may appear yellow because of impurities.

USAGES

Triethanolamine is used primarily as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a common ingredient in formulations used for both industrial and consumer products. The triethanolamine neutralizes fatty acids, adjusts and buffers the pH, and solubilises oils and other ingredients that are not completely soluble in water. Some common products in which triethanolamine is found are liquid laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, general cleaners, hand cleaners, polishes, metalworking fluids, paints, shaving cream and printing inks.

Triethanolamine is also used as organic additive (0.1 wt. %) in the grinding of cement clinker. It facilitates the grinding process by preventing agglomeration and coating of the powder at the surface of balls and mill wall.

Various ear diseases and infections are treated with eardrops containing triethanolamine polypeptide oleate-condensate, such as Cerumenex in the United States. In pharmaceutics, triethanolamine is the active ingredient of some ear drops used to treat impacted earwax. It also serves as a pH balancer in many different cosmetic products - ranging from cleansing creams and milks, skin lotions, eye gels, moisturizers, shampoos, shaving foams etc. TEA is a fairly strong base: a 1% solution has a pH of approximately 10, whereas the pH of skin is below pH 7, more or less 5.5-6.0. Cleansing milk/cream emulsions based on TEA are particularly good at removing makeup.

Another common use of TEA is as a complexing agent for aluminium ions in aqueous solutions. This reaction is often used to mask such ions before complexometric titrations with another chelating agent such as EDTA. TEA has also been used in photographic (silver halide) processing. It has been promoted as a useful alkali by amateur photographers.

TEA is now commonly and very effectively used as a complexing agent in Electroless Plating.

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BOULDER STONE

In geology, a boulder is a rock with grain size of usually no less than 30 centimeters (1 ft) diameter. While a boulder may be small enough to move or roll manually, others are extremely massive.

USAGES

These stones are used in large quantities as construction material – in building bridges, roads, etc.

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HONEY

Honey is a mixture of sugars and other compounds. With respect to carbohydrates, honey is mainly fructose (about 38.5%) and glucose (about 31.0%), making it similar to the synthetically produced inverted sugar syrup, which is approximately 48% fructose, 47% glucose, and 5% sucrose. Honey's remaining carbohydrates include maltose, sucrose, and other complex carbohydrates. As with all nutritive sweeteners, honey is mostly sugars and contains only trace amounts of vitamins or minerals. Honey also contains tiny amounts of several compounds thought to function as antioxidants, including chrysin, pinobanksin, vitamin C, catalase, and pinocembrin. The specific composition of any batch of honey depends on the flowers available to the bees that produced the honey.

Typical honey analysis :

Fructose : 38.2%

Glucose : 31.3%

Maltose : 7.1%

Sucrose : 1.3%

Water : 17.2%

Higher sugars : 1.5%

Ash : 0.2%

Other/undetermined : 3.2%

Its glycemic index ranges from 31 to 78, depending on the variety.

Honey has a density of about 1.36 kilograms per litre (36% denser than water).

USAGES

The main uses of honey are in cooking, baking, as a spread on bread, and as an addition to various beverages, such as tea, and as a sweetener in some commercial beverages. According to the The National Honey Board (a USDA-overseen organization), "honey stipulates a pure product that does not allow for the addition of any other substance...this includes, but is not limited to, water or other sweeteners".

Historically, honey has been used by humans to treat a variety of ailments, from gastric disturbances to ulcers, wounds and burns, through ingestion or topical application, but only recently have the antiseptic and antibacterial properties of honey been chemically explained. Different honeys have different properties, which was known since ancient times.

In Ayurveda, a 4000-year-old treatise on medicine originating from India, honey is considered to positively affect all three primitive material imbalances of the body.

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MILK POWDER

Powdered milk or dried milk is a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness. One purpose of drying milk is to preserve it; milk powder has a far longer shelf life than liquid milk and does not need to be refrigerated, due to its low moisture content. Another purpose is to reduce its bulk for economy of transportation.

Powdered milk and dairy products include such items as dry whole milk, nonfat dry milk, dry buttermilk, dry whey products and dry dairy blends. Many dairy products exported conform to standards laid out in Codex Alimentarius.

USAGES

Powdered milk is frequently used in the manufacture of infant formula, confectionery such as chocolate and caramel candy, and in recipes for baked goods where adding liquid milk would render the product too thin. Powdered milk is also widely used in various sweets such as the famous Indian milk balls known as Rasgulla and popular Indian sweet delicacy (sprinkled with desiccated coconut) known as Chum chum (made with skim milk powder).

Powdered milk is also a common item in UN food aid supplies, fallout shelters, warehouses, and wherever fresh milk is not a viable option.

Fat-free powder milk is used as a saturating agent to block nonspecific binding sites on supports like blotting membranes (Nitrocellulose, PVDF, Nylon), preventing binding of further detection reagents and subsequent background.

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WHEAT

Indian Wheat in all grades and types are available with us. Kindly send us your required specifications to our email id.

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RICE

All types of Indian & Thai rice are available with us. Kindly send us your required specifications to our email id.

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SUGAR

USAGES

Granulated sugars are used at the table to sprinkle on foods and to sweeten hot drinks and in home baking to add sweetness and texture to cooked products. They are also used as a preservative to prevent micro-organisms from growing and perishable food from spoiling as in jams, marmalades and candied fruits.

Milled sugars are ground to a fine powder. They are used as icing sugar, for dusting foods and in baking and confectionery. Screened sugars are crystalline products separated according to the size of the grains. They are used for decorative table sugars, for blending in dry mixes and in baking and confectionery.

Brown sugars are granulated sugars with the grains coated in molasses to produce a light, dark or demerara sugar. They are used in baked goods, confectionery and toffees. Sugar cubes are white or brown granulated sugars pressed together in block shape. They are used to sweeten drinks.

Liquid sugars are strong syrups consisting of 67% granulated sugar dissolved in water. They are used in the food processing of a wide range of products including beverages, ice cream and jams. Invert sugars and syrups are blended to manufacturers specifications and are used in breads, cakes and beverages for adjusting sweetness, aiding moisture retention and avoiding crystallization of sugars.

Syrups and treacles are dissolved invert sugars heated to develop the characteristic flavors. Treacles have added molasses. They are used in a range of baked goods and confectionery including toffees and licoriceLow calorie sugars and sweeteners are often made of maltodextrin with added sweeteners. Maltodextrin is an easily digestible synthetic polysaccharide consisting of short chains of glucose molecules and is made by the partial hydrolysis of starch. The added sweeteners are often aspartame, saccharin, stevia or sucralose.

Polyols are sugar alcohols and are used in chewing gums where a sweet flavor is required that lasts for a prolonged time in the mouth.

In winemaking, fruit sugars are converted into alcohol by a fermentation process. If the must formed by pressing the fruit has a low sugar content, additional sugar may be added to raise the alcohol content of the wine in a process called chaptalization. In the production of sweet wines, fermentation may be halted before it has run its full course, leaving behind some residual sugar that gives the wine its sweet taste

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SOYABEAN OIL

Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils. As a drying oil, processed soybean oil is also used as a base for printing inks (soy ink) and oil paints.

USAGES

Soybean oil is a drying oil, which means that it will slowly harden upon exposure to air, forming a flexible, transparent, and waterproof solid. Because of this property, it is used in some printing ink and oil paint formulations.

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CALCIUM CARBIDE

Calcium carbide is produced industrially in an electric arc furnace from a mixture of lime and coke at approximately 2000 �C. This method has not changed since its invention in 1888

USAGES

in the desulfurisation of iron (pig iron, cast iron and steel).

as a fuel in steelmaking to extend the scrap ratio to liquid iron, depending on economics.

as a powerful deoxidizer at ladle treatment facilities.

Calcium carbide is used in carbide lamps, in which water drips on the carbide and the acetylene formed is ignited. These lamps were usable but dangerous in coal mines, where the presence of the flammable gas methane made them a serious hazard.

In the artificial ripening of fruit, calcium carbide is sometimes used as source of acetylene gas, which is a ripening agent similar to ethylene. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide.

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M. S. WIRE ROD

WIRE ROD is a semifinished product rolled from billet on a rod mill and is used primarily for the manufacture of wire. The steel for wire rod is produced by all the modern processes, including the basic oxygen, basic open hearth, and electric furnace processes. Steel wire rod is usually cold drawn into wire suitable for further drawing; for cold rolling, cold heading, cold upsetting, cold extrusion, or cold forging; or for hot forging. Although wire rod may be produced in several regular shapes, most is round in cross section. Round rod is usually produced in nominal diameters of 5.5 to 18.7 mm ( 7 32 to 47 64 in.), advancing in increments of 0.4 mm ( 1 64 in.).

USAGES

The main applications for our wire rod are metallic belts for high temperature application, springs, cables, filters, fasteners, welding wires and special ultra-fine wires for weaves and metallic textiles.

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TEA & GREEN TEA

The cultivation and brewing of tea in India has a long history. Commercial production of tea in India begins with the arrival of the British East India Company, at which point large tracts of land were converted for mass tea production. The widespread popularity of tea as a recreational drink begins in the 1950s, after a successful advertising campaign by the India Tea Board.Today, India is one of the largest tea producers in the world, though over 70% of the tea is consumed within India itself.

Teas can generally be divided into categories based on how they are processed. There are at least six different types of tea: white, yellow, green, black and post-fermented tea.

USAGES

Over the last few decades green tea has been subjected to many scientific and medical studies to determine the extent of its long-purported health benefits, with some evidence suggesting that regular green tea drinkers may have a lower risk of developing heart disease and certain types of cancer. Although green tea does not raise the metabolic rate enough to produce immediate weight loss, a green tea extract containing polyphenols and caffeine has been shown to induce thermogenesis and stimulate fat oxidation, boosting the metabolic rate 4% without increasing the heart rate.

We supply the widest range of Tea procured directly from the Indian Tea Gardens of Assam, Darjeeling and various parts of West Bengal.

We supply different grades of Green Tea as per your requirement. Kindly send us your required specification on our email id.

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SODIUM MONO FLUORO PHOSPHATE

Sodium monofluorophosphate, commonly abbreviated MFP, is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2PO3F. Typical for a salt, MFP is odourless, colourless, and water-soluble. This salt is an ingredient in some toothpastes.

USAGES

MFP is best known as an ingredient in toothpastes. It is claimed to protect tooth enamel from attack by bacteria that cause dental caries.

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SODIUM LAURYL ETHER SULPHATE

Chemical Uses/Applications by Category:

Soaps and Detergents: Detergent - Excellent for Compact Powders

Personal Care: Toothpaste, Oral Care, Mouthwash

CASE: Wetting Agent

Plastics: Flow Agent, Internal Lubricant

Foaming agent, Detergent, Dispersant for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, Emulsifier and Dispersant for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of synthetic rubber and resin.

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DOLOMITE

Dolomite powder is the limestone powder with composition of CaCO3 and MgCO3 pertaining to 100% in combination, the proportion being varied as per mining zone. Dolomite is also being used as Fillers by detergents, steel, paints and ceramics.

USAGES

Dolomite is used as an ornamental stone, a concrete aggregate, a source of magnesium oxide and in the Pidgeon process for the production of magnesium. It is an important petroleum reservoir rock, and serves as the host rock for large strata-bound Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) ore deposits of base metals such as lead, zinc, and copper. Where calcite limestone is uncommon or too costly, dolomite is sometimes used in its place as a flux for the smelting of iron and steel. Large quantities of processed dolomite are used in the production of float glass.

In horticulture, dolomite and dolomitic limestone are added to soils and soilless potting mixes as a pH buffer and as a magnesium source. Home and container gardening are common examples of this use.

Dolomite is also used as the substrate in marine (saltwater) aquariums to help buffer changes in pH of the water.

Particle physics researchers prefer to build particle detectors under layers of dolomite to enable the detectors to detect the highest possible number of exotic particles. Because dolomite contains relatively minor quantities of radioactive materials, it can insulate against interference from cosmic rays without adding to background radiation levels.

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SODA ASH LIGHT

Soda ash, the common name for sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), has significant economic importance because of its applications in manufacturing glass, chemicals, paper, detergents and many other products. It has been used since ancient times. The Egyptians, for instance, umade glass containers from soda ash as early as 3500 BC. And the early Romans expanded its use beyond glass as an ingredient in medicinals and bread.

USAGES

Light soda ash is one of the most important basic industrial chemicals. Light soda ash is used to regulate pH in many chemical process streams. The superior buffering capacity of soda ash versus caustic soda offers advantages in adjusting plant wastewater pH ranges.

Soda ash is used as the sodium source for sodium sulfite/bi-sulfite pulping liquors used in the sulfite, CMP, and CTMP processes, and in NSSC pulping.

It is also possible to replace a portion of the caustic soda in many pulp bleaching applications such as caustic extraction or hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical or chemical pulps. However, the higher pH requirements of these applications may necessitate the continued use of some caustic soda.

In addition, it is the most widely used fixed alkali for the manufacture of other alkali products, sodium salts, glass, soap, sodium silicates, detergent, bicarbonates, bichromates, cellulose and rayon, iron and steel, aluminum, cleaning compounds, textiles and dyestuffs, drugs and many other materials. It is also used as an alkali for household purposes and as washing powder by laundries.

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SODIUM TRI POLY PHOSPHATE (STPP)

Sodium triphosphate (STP, sometimes STPP or sodium tripolyphosphate or TPP,) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. It is the sodium salt of the polyphosphatepenta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triphosphoric acid. It is produced on a large scale as a component of many domestic and industrial products, especially detergents.

USAGES

STPP is a preservative for seafood, meats, poultry, and animal feeds. In foods, STPP is used as an emulsifier and to retain moisture. Many governments regulate the quantities allowed in foods, as it can substantially increase the sale weight of seafood in particular.

Other uses (hundreds of thousands of tons/year) include "ceramics, leather tanning (as masking agent and synthetic tanning agent - SYNTAN), anticaking, setting retarders, flame retardants, paper, anticorrosionpigments, textiles, rubber manufacture, fermentation, antifreeze.

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ZEOLITE

Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents.

USAGES

Zeolites are widely used in industry for water purification, as catalysts, for the preparation of advanced materials and in nuclear reprocessing. They are used to extract nitrogen from air to increase oxygen content for both industrial and medical purposes. Their biggest use is in the production of laundry detergents. They are also used in medicine and in agriculture. Zeolites are widely used as ion-exchange beds in domestic and commercial water purification, softening, and other applications.

Synthetic zeolites are widely used as catalysts in the petrochemical industry, for instance in fluid catalytic cracking and hydrocracking. Zeolites confine molecules in small spaces, which causes changes in their structure and reactivity. Zeolites are also used in the management of leaks of radioactive materials.

Zeolites can be used as solar thermal collectors and for adsorption refrigeration. In these applications, their high heat of adsorption and ability to hydrate and dehydrate while maintaining structural stability is exploited.

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Provide multi-purpose adhesive and solutions for flexible packaging lamination in food and pharmaceutical Industry.

Product Name: Polyurethane Primary Form – Product Code: EH 8000A

Product Name: Polyurethane Hardener – Product Code: EH 8000B

Description: EH 8000A / EH 8000B is an ethyl acetate solvent based two-component polyurethane adhesive in general purpose, widely used in laminating of various treated laminated films like OPP/CPP, OPP/met OPP, OPP/PE, PET/PE, CAP/PE, PET/CPP, AL/PE, AL/CPP.

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Product Name: Polyurethane Main Agent Form – Product Code: EH 9000A

Product Name: Polyurethane Hardener – Product Code: EH 9000B

Description: EH 9000A / EH 9000B is an Ester based two-component aromatic polyurethane adhesive specializing for AI foil laminating widely used in laminating of various treated films like BOPP, PET, PA, PE, CPP, AL, Paper, etc.

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